The beginning of the Great Silk Road's operating goes back to the second part of the II century B.C., when the first Chinese diplomat and scout Chzyan Tzyan discovered the western sides of Central Asia for Chinese. Hereunder two famous roads were connected into one whole. The first which start from West, from the countries around the Mediterranean Sea to the Central Asia , which were passed by Ellis and Macedonian troops at the head of Alexander the Great with the military leader of Seleucids Demodam . Their march reached till the Yaksart- Sirdarya . The second heading from East, from the Emperor of Khans to the Central Asia, which was being passed by Chzyan Tzyan, who passed this region from north to South through the Davan, Kangyuy, Sogd, and Baktriya.

The outstanding role on connecting two great civilizations was being played by Western and Far Eastern folks of Central Asia . It is known from sources of Chinese and Greco-Rome historians that after a while from this, Great Silk Road, pass caravans and diplomat embassies. The name Great Silk Road is connected with the precious good silk, which is considered precious to the aborigens of Western countries. It is considered that the secret of sericulture was found out by Chinese almost five thousand years ago. The famous Russian investigator of sericulture Tihomirov gives the exact year of the founding of the silk. And according to his source the year of its founding is 2698 B.C. More recent archeological finds – a small ivory cup carved with a silk worm design and thought to be between 6000 and 7000 years old, and spinning tools, silk thread and fabric fragments from sites along the lower Yangzi River – reveal the origins of sericulture to be even earlier.

Chinese legend gives the title Goddess of Silk to Lady Hsi-Ling-Shih, wife of the mythical Yellow Emperor, who was said to have ruled China in about 3000 B.C. She is credited with the introduction of silkworm rearing and the invention of the loom. The silkworm had dropped to the cup of the Empress from the mulberry tree during the tea drinking. According to the legend the silk was found like that.

In the IV B.C the sericulture entered to the India , I-II A.D to the eastern part of Turkmenistan , in III A.D to the Korea , in V A.D to the oases Turphan and Khotan. In Rome people started to wear silk cloth from the year 46 A .D.

The Silk Road is a generic expression: it gathers a whole of axes caravans which crossed Europe and Asia going from Mediterranean to China by Central Asia . The caravans loaded with Chinese silk, of course from China , jeweler and species from India , silver dishes from Persia , expensive materials from Byzantine crossed the deserts of Korakum and Kizilkum, and continued their way along the Merv and Kharezm, Pamir and Tyan Shyan and went to the Amudarya and Sirdarya.

The Great Silk Road served not only for transporting silk, but other kinds of goods are also exchanged between the big empires. The traders are not went from one part into another, but traveled only a short part of the route, trading their goods in the big cities of the Silk road , buying others, and going back.

This road also served as a crossroad of exchange ideas, religions, culture and art. This road helped on economic prosper of some Uzbekistan cities such as Samarkand , Bukhara , Khiva, Shakhrisabz and Shash which is Tashkent now. These cities made famous Uzbekistan to all over the world.

This road existed in the arena of history from III till XVI centuries. At the time of archeological excavations in Uzbekistan , a large number of Chinese ceramics, bronze mirror, piece of silk fabrics, fragments of porcelain recipients were found. These excavations acknowledge us about commerce and interrelationship diplomacy between China and Central Asia . China was one of the leading countries among the production of paper, silk and Chinese ceramic which what they supplied the countries of Silk Road and they brought from the territory of Uzbekistan and Central Asia wine, cotton, cucumber, grenade, nuts and all.

The Great Silk Road , this name was given to this road in 19 th century on proposal of Ferdinand Fon Riztgofen, one of the specialists in oriental studies.